I've recently tried getting into PC gaming, however every game I play I get this same thing happening:
Everything is kinda blocked out by parts of the game kind of stretching out or something... Im not sure how to explain it really, but I found a picture similar to what happens to me, and circled what it is in red:

However with mine its like that all over the screen, and if anyone here has had that problem or has a way to fix it without buying a new PC(I just got this one like last year) then I would love some help here.

P.S. I've tried lowering and raising the video quality and it didn't work.

I'd hit it with broken graphics card. If it still has warranty RMA it.
If it doesn't you can try checking that the cooler has proper contact with everything.
Had similar issues ages ago when my cooler didn't have good contact with the memory chips of the card. Over time I started getting all kinds of funky stuff on the screen until I let the card cool for a bit.

Yep, definitely sounds like a graphics card issue. Like Myssi said, if you still have warranty left on your card, send it back for repair.

Otherwise, its probably about time you bought a new one lol. But before you do, see if you have a friend who will let you borrow their graphics card for a few hours and test it out. Just to be certain.